Within the epidermis are various layers of cells, the outermost of which is called the stratum corneum (or horny layer). This surface layer is composed of twenty-five to thirty sub-layers of flattened scale-like cells, which are continually being cast off by friction and replaced by the cells of the deeper epidermal layers. This surface layer is the real protective layer of the skin.

A normal circle of metabolism of the horny cells is 28 days, but aging causes this metabolic speed to be reduced by up to 40 days.

New skin cells are formed in the deepest layer within the epidermis, called the stratum germinativum. This layer is very important as no other layer can form these new cells which gradually move towards the outer layers of the skin as the stratum corneum is abraded or shed.

DERMIS
The dermis is a tough and elastic layer containing white fibrous tissue interlaced with yellow elastic fibres. The nutrition of the epidermis comes from the dermis. If the dermis is not healthy, the epidermis would not be healthy either.

Many structures are embedded in the dermis including:

  Blood vessels
  Lymphatic capillaries and vessels
  Sensory nerve endings
  Sweat glands and their ducts
  Sebaceous glands
  Hair follicles, hair bulbs and hair roots.

The blood vessels may open and close in hot weather and may be more easily seen beneath the skin. This process enables greater circulation to the skin and increases heat loss from the body, helping the body to maintain a constant temperature (part of temperature homeostasis). This process also increases the absorption rate of some chemicals, for example, organic solvents.

The sweat glands are tubular glands found in most areas of the body. They are most numerous in the palms and soles of the feet. Sweat or perspiration excreted by these glands helps cool the body in hot weather to assist in temperature regulation (temperature homeostasis) of the body.

The sebaceous glands are the oil secreting glands that help lubricate the hair shaft and outermost layer of the skin. A certain amount of oil on the skin is necessary to keep it soft and pliable. This natural oil on the skin also helps to give skin its water resistance

HYPODERMIS
This is the deepest skin layer. It connects or binds the dermis above it to the underlying organs. The hypodermis is mainly composed of loose fibrous connective tissue and fat. Females have a hypodermis that is generally about 8% thicker than in males.

The fatty tissue keeps our body heat not to be over vaporized. When the body contacts with the outside world, it functions as a good barrier. Fat is transformed to fatty acid and triglyceride and stored in the fatty cells. The fatty cells are responsible for composing, storing and burning fat in order to offer energy that organs or tissues need.

However, if fat deposits too much, the density of the fatty cells would become too high to be easily transformed again. The deposit fat becomes lipid cellulite tissue. Aging reduces our metabolism. Once the fat stored up, it is not easy to decompose again. Due to the reduction of metabolic speed, the older person finds it harder to lose weight than a younger person.

How Ultrasound Waves Help Improve your Skin?

The major functions of the skin are

  Provides some protection for the body against many pathogenic microbes and chemical agents
  Protects underlying tissues from UV light
  Restricts fluid and water loss

  Is the sensory organ for temperature, pressure, touch and pain

Important role in metabolism, including vitamin D synthesis and bio transformation of some chemicals. The skin acts to synthesis vitamin D by the action of short wave UV light on specific sterol precursors in the skin, which are then converted to vitamin D.

This skin formation is very important to protect your from any harmful ultraviolet rays, bacteria and disease. It also interrupts the nutrition (Nourishment) supply.

Fortunately, the high frequency ultrasound waves can pass through skin protection and helps remove the waste product from pores which cannot be cleaned by facial washing. It also activates each cellular-tissue to aid in improvement of muscle's slackness and contraction functions.